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jsx/src/jsx_encoder.erl
alisdair sullivan ad3e870615 more fixes for json_escape
2012-03-30 23:17:05 -07:00

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%% The MIT License
%% Copyright (c) 2011 Alisdair Sullivan <alisdairsullivan@yahoo.ca>
%% Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
%% of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
%% in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
%% to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
%% copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
%% furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
%% The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
%% all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
%% IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
%% AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
%% LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
%% OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
%% THE SOFTWARE.
-module(jsx_encoder).
-export([encoder/3]).
-spec encoder(Handler::module(), State::any(), Opts::jsx:opts()) -> jsx:encoder().
encoder(Handler, State, Opts) ->
fun(JSON) ->
start(
JSON,
{Handler, Handler:init(State)},
jsx_utils:parse_opts(Opts)
)
end.
-include("jsx_opts.hrl").
-ifndef(error).
-define(error(Args),
erlang:error(badarg, Args)
).
-endif.
start(Term, {Handler, State}, Opts) ->
Handler:handle_event(end_json, value(Term, {Handler, State}, Opts)).
value(String, {Handler, State}, Opts) when is_binary(String) ->
Handler:handle_event({string, clean_string(String, Opts)}, State);
value(Float, {Handler, State}, _Opts) when is_float(Float) ->
Handler:handle_event({float, Float}, State);
value(Int, {Handler, State}, _Opts) when is_integer(Int) ->
Handler:handle_event({integer, Int}, State);
value(Literal, {Handler, State}, _Opts)
when Literal == true; Literal == false; Literal == null ->
Handler:handle_event({literal, Literal}, State);
value([{}], {Handler, State}, _Opts) ->
Handler:handle_event(end_object, Handler:handle_event(start_object, State));
value([], {Handler, State}, _Opts) ->
Handler:handle_event(end_array, Handler:handle_event(start_array, State));
value(List, {Handler, State}, Opts) when is_list(List) ->
list_or_object(List, {Handler, State}, Opts);
value(Term, Handler, Opts) -> ?error([Term, Handler, Opts]).
list_or_object([Tuple|_] = List, {Handler, State}, Opts) when is_tuple(Tuple) ->
object(List, {Handler, Handler:handle_event(start_object, State)}, Opts);
list_or_object(List, {Handler, State}, Opts) ->
list(List, {Handler, Handler:handle_event(start_array, State)}, Opts).
object([{Key, Value}|Rest], {Handler, State}, Opts) ->
object(
Rest,
{
Handler,
value(
Value,
{Handler, Handler:handle_event({key, clean_string(fix_key(Key), Opts)}, State)},
Opts
)
},
Opts
);
object([], {Handler, State}, _Opts) -> Handler:handle_event(end_object, State);
object(Term, Handler, Opts) -> ?error([Term, Handler, Opts]).
list([Value|Rest], {Handler, State}, Opts) ->
list(Rest, {Handler, value(Value, {Handler, State}, Opts)}, Opts);
list([], {Handler, State}, _Opts) -> Handler:handle_event(end_array, State);
list(Term, Handler, Opts) -> ?error([Term, Handler, Opts]).
fix_key(Key) when is_atom(Key) -> fix_key(atom_to_binary(Key, utf8));
fix_key(Key) when is_binary(Key) -> Key.
clean_string(Bin, Opts) ->
case Opts#opts.loose_unicode of
true -> maybe_escape(clean_string(Bin, 0, size(Bin), Opts), Opts)
; false ->
case is_clean(Bin) of
true -> maybe_escape(Bin, Opts)
; false -> erlang:error(badarg, [Bin, Opts])
end
end.
maybe_escape(Bin, Opts=#opts{json_escape=true}) -> jsx_utils:json_escape(Bin, Opts);
maybe_escape(Bin, _) -> Bin.
is_clean(<<>>) -> true;
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X < 16#80 -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X < 16#800 -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X < 16#dcff -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X > 16#dfff, X < 16#fdd0 -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X > 16#fdef, X < 16#fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#10000, X < 16#1fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#20000, X < 16#2fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#30000, X < 16#3fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#40000, X < 16#4fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#50000, X < 16#5fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#60000, X < 16#6fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#70000, X < 16#7fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#80000, X < 16#8fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#90000, X < 16#9fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#a0000, X < 16#afffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#b0000, X < 16#bfffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#c0000, X < 16#cfffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#d0000, X < 16#dfffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#e0000, X < 16#efffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#f0000, X < 16#ffffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(<<X/utf8, Rest/binary>>) when X >= 16#100000, X < 16#10fffe -> is_clean(Rest);
is_clean(Bin) -> erlang:error(badarg, [Bin]).
clean_string(Str, Len, Len, _Opts) -> Str;
clean_string(Str, L, Len, Opts) ->
case Str of
<<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X < 16#80 -> clean_string(Str, L + 1, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X < 16#800 -> clean_string(Str, L + 2, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X < 16#dcff -> clean_string(Str, L + 3, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X > 16#dfff, X < 16#fdd0 -> clean_string(Str, L + 3, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X > 16#fdef, X < 16#fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 3, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#10000, X < 16#1fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#20000, X < 16#2fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#30000, X < 16#3fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#40000, X < 16#4fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#50000, X < 16#5fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#60000, X < 16#6fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#70000, X < 16#7fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#80000, X < 16#8fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#90000, X < 16#9fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#a0000, X < 16#afffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#b0000, X < 16#bfffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#c0000, X < 16#cfffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#d0000, X < 16#dfffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#e0000, X < 16#efffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#f0000, X < 16#ffffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
; <<_:L/binary, X/utf8, _/binary>> when X >= 16#100000, X < 16#10fffe -> clean_string(Str, L + 4, Len, Opts)
%% noncharacters
; <<H:L/binary, X/utf8, T/binary>> when X < 16#10000 ->
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, T/binary>>, L + 3, Len, Opts)
; <<H:L/binary, _/utf8, T/binary>> ->
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, T/binary>>, L + 4, Len, Opts)
%% surrogates
; <<H:L/binary, 237, X, _, T/binary>> when X >= 160 ->
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, T/binary>>, L + 3, Len, Opts)
%% u+fffe and u+ffff for R14BXX
; <<H:L/binary, 239, 191, X, T/binary>> when X == 190; X == 191 ->
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, T/binary>>, L + 3, Len, Opts)
%% overlong encodings and missing continuations of a 2 byte sequence
; <<H:L/binary, X, T/binary>> when X >= 192, X =< 223 ->
{Tail, Stripped} = strip_continuations(T, 1, 0),
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, Tail/binary>>, L + 3, Len + 2 - Stripped, Opts)
%% overlong encodings and missing continuations of a 3 byte sequence
; <<H:L/binary, X, T/binary>> when X >= 224, X =< 239 ->
{Tail, Stripped} = strip_continuations(T, 2, 0),
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, Tail/binary>>, L + 3, Len + 2 - Stripped, Opts)
%% overlong encodings and missing continuations of a 4 byte sequence
; <<H:L/binary, X, T/binary>> when X >= 240, X =< 247 ->
{Tail, Stripped} = strip_continuations(T, 3, 0),
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, Tail/binary>>, L + 3, Len + 2 - Stripped, Opts)
; <<H:L/binary, _, T/binary>> ->
clean_string(<<H:L/binary, 16#fffd/utf8, T/binary>>, L + 3, Len + 2, Opts)
end.
strip_continuations(Bin, 0, N) -> {Bin, N};
strip_continuations(<<X, Rest/binary>>, N, M) when X >= 128, X =< 191 ->
strip_continuations(Rest, N - 1, M + 1);
%% not a continuation byte
strip_continuations(Bin, _, N) -> {Bin, N}.
-ifdef(TEST).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
xcode(Bin) -> xcode(Bin, #opts{}).
xcode(Bin, [loose_unicode]) -> xcode(Bin, #opts{loose_unicode=true});
xcode(Bin, Opts) ->
try clean_string(Bin, Opts)
catch error:badarg -> {error, badarg}
end.
is_bad({error, badarg}) -> true;
is_bad(_) -> false.
bad_utf8_test_() ->
[
{"orphan continuation byte u+0080",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#0080>>)))
},
{"orphan continuation byte u+0080 replaced",
?_assertEqual(xcode(<<16#0080>>, [loose_unicode]), <<16#fffd/utf8>>)
},
{"orphan continuation byte u+00bf",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#00bf>>)))
},
{"orphan continuation byte u+00bf replaced",
?_assertEqual(xcode(<<16#00bf>>, [loose_unicode]), <<16#fffd/utf8>>)
},
{"2 continuation bytes",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 2))/binary>>)))
},
{"2 continuation bytes replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 2))/binary>>, [loose_unicode]),
binary:copy(<<16#fffd/utf8>>, 2)
)
},
{"3 continuation bytes",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 3))/binary>>)))
},
{"3 continuation bytes replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 3))/binary>>, [loose_unicode]),
binary:copy(<<16#fffd/utf8>>, 3)
)
},
{"4 continuation bytes",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 4))/binary>>)))
},
{"4 continuation bytes replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 4))/binary>>, [loose_unicode]),
binary:copy(<<16#fffd/utf8>>, 4)
)
},
{"5 continuation bytes",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 5))/binary>>)))
},
{"5 continuation bytes replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 5))/binary>>, [loose_unicode]),
binary:copy(<<16#fffd/utf8>>, 5)
)
},
{"6 continuation bytes",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 6))/binary>>)))
},
{"6 continuation bytes replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<(binary:copy(<<16#0080>>, 6))/binary>>, [loose_unicode]),
binary:copy(<<16#fffd/utf8>>, 6)
)
},
{"all continuation bytes",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<(list_to_binary(lists:seq(16#0080, 16#00bf)))/binary>>)))
},
{"all continuation bytes replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<(list_to_binary(lists:seq(16#0080, 16#00bf)))/binary>>, [loose_unicode]),
binary:copy(<<16#fffd/utf8>>, length(lists:seq(16#0080, 16#00bf)))
)
},
{"lonely start byte",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#00c0>>)))
},
{"lonely start byte replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#00c0>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8>>
)
},
{"lonely start bytes (2 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#00c0, 32, 16#00df>>)))
},
{"lonely start bytes (2 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#00c0, 32, 16#00df>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32, 16#fffd/utf8>>
)
},
{"lonely start bytes (3 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#00e0, 32, 16#00ef>>)))
},
{"lonely start bytes (3 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#00e0, 32, 16#00ef>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32, 16#fffd/utf8>>
)
},
{"lonely start bytes (4 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#00f0, 32, 16#00f7>>)))
},
{"lonely start bytes (4 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#00f0, 32, 16#00f7>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32, 16#fffd/utf8>>
)
},
{"missing continuation byte (3 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<224, 160, 32>>)))
},
{"missing continuation byte (3 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<224, 160, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"missing continuation byte (4 byte missing one)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<240, 144, 128, 32>>)))
},
{"missing continuation byte2 (4 byte missing one) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<240, 144, 128, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"missing continuation byte (4 byte missing two)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<240, 144, 32>>)))
},
{"missing continuation byte2 (4 byte missing two) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<240, 144, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"overlong encoding of u+002f (2 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#c0, 16#af, 32>>)))
},
{"overlong encoding of u+002f (2 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#c0, 16#af, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"overlong encoding of u+002f (3 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#e0, 16#80, 16#af, 32>>)))
},
{"overlong encoding of u+002f (3 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#e0, 16#80, 16#af, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"overlong encoding of u+002f (4 byte)",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#f0, 16#80, 16#80, 16#af, 32>>)))
},
{"overlong encoding of u+002f (4 byte) replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#f0, 16#80, 16#80, 16#af, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"highest overlong 2 byte sequence",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#c1, 16#bf, 32>>)))
},
{"highest overlong 2 byte sequence replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#c1, 16#bf, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"highest overlong 3 byte sequence",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#e0, 16#9f, 16#bf, 32>>)))
},
{"highest overlong 3 byte sequence replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#e0, 16#9f, 16#bf, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
},
{"highest overlong 4 byte sequence",
?_assert(is_bad(xcode(<<16#f0, 16#8f, 16#bf, 16#bf, 32>>)))
},
{"highest overlong 4 byte sequence replaced",
?_assertEqual(
xcode(<<16#f0, 16#8f, 16#bf, 16#bf, 32>>, [loose_unicode]),
<<16#fffd/utf8, 32>>
)
}
].
encode(Term) -> encode(Term, []).
encode(Term, Opts) ->
try (encoder(jsx, [], Opts))(Term)
catch _:_ -> {error, badjson}
end.
encode_test_() ->
[
{"naked string", ?_assertEqual(encode(<<"a string\n">>), [{string, <<"a string\n">>}, end_json])},
{"escaped naked string", ?_assertEqual(encode(<<"a string\n">>, [json_escape]), [{string, <<"a string\\n">>}, end_json])},
{"naked integer", ?_assertEqual(encode(123), [{integer, 123}, end_json])},
{"naked float", ?_assertEqual(encode(1.23), [{float, 1.23}, end_json])},
{"naked literal", ?_assertEqual(encode(null), [{literal, null}, end_json])},
{"empty object", ?_assertEqual(encode([{}]), [start_object, end_object, end_json])},
{"empty list", ?_assertEqual(encode([]), [start_array, end_array, end_json])},
{"simple list", ?_assertEqual(
encode([1,2,3,true,false]),
[
start_array,
{integer, 1},
{integer, 2},
{integer, 3},
{literal, true},
{literal, false},
end_array,
end_json
]
)
},
{"simple object", ?_assertEqual(
encode([{<<"a">>, true}, {<<"b">>, false}]),
[
start_object,
{key, <<"a">>},
{literal, true},
{key, <<"b">>},
{literal, false},
end_object,
end_json
]
)
},
{"complex term", ?_assertEqual(
encode([
{<<"a">>, true},
{<<"b">>, false},
{<<"c">>, [1,2,3]},
{<<"d">>, [{<<"key">>, <<"value">>}]}
]),
[
start_object,
{key, <<"a">>},
{literal, true},
{key, <<"b">>},
{literal, false},
{key, <<"c">>},
start_array,
{integer, 1},
{integer, 2},
{integer, 3},
end_array,
{key, <<"d">>},
start_object,
{key, <<"key">>},
{string, <<"value">>},
end_object,
end_object,
end_json
]
)
},
{"atom keys", ?_assertEqual(
encode([{key, <<"value">>}]),
[start_object, {key, <<"key">>}, {string, <<"value">>}, end_object, end_json]
)
}
].
surrogates_test_() ->
[
{"surrogates - badjson",
?_assertEqual(check_bad(surrogates()), [])
},
{"surrogates - replaced",
?_assertEqual(check_replaced(surrogates()), [])
}
].
good_characters_test_() ->
[
{"acceptable codepoints",
?_assertEqual(check_good(good()), [])
},
{"acceptable extended",
?_assertEqual(check_good(good_extended()), [])
}
].
reserved_test_() ->
[
{"reserved noncharacters - badjson",
?_assertEqual(check_bad(reserved_space()), [])
},
{"reserved noncharacters - replaced",
?_assertEqual(check_replaced(reserved_space()), [])
}
].
noncharacters_test_() ->
[
{"noncharacters - badjson",
?_assertEqual(check_bad(noncharacters()), [])
},
{"noncharacters - replaced",
?_assertEqual(check_replaced(noncharacters()), [])
}
].
extended_noncharacters_test_() ->
[
{"extended noncharacters - badjson",
?_assertEqual(check_bad(extended_noncharacters()), [])
},
{"extended noncharacters - replaced",
?_assertEqual(check_replaced(extended_noncharacters()), [])
}
].
check_bad(List) ->
lists:dropwhile(fun({_, {error, badjson}}) -> true ; (_) -> false end,
check(List, [], [])
).
check_replaced(List) ->
lists:dropwhile(fun({_, [{string, <<16#fffd/utf8>>}|_]}) -> true
; (_) -> false
end,
check(List, [loose_unicode], [])
).
check_good(List) ->
lists:dropwhile(fun({_, [{string, _}|_]}) -> true ; (_) -> false end,
check(List, [], [])
).
check([], _Opts, Acc) -> Acc;
check([H|T], Opts, Acc) ->
R = encode(to_fake_utf(H, utf8), Opts),
check(T, Opts, [{H, R}] ++ Acc).
noncharacters() -> lists:seq(16#fffe, 16#ffff).
extended_noncharacters() ->
[16#1fffe, 16#1ffff, 16#2fffe, 16#2ffff]
++ [16#3fffe, 16#3ffff, 16#4fffe, 16#4ffff]
++ [16#5fffe, 16#5ffff, 16#6fffe, 16#6ffff]
++ [16#7fffe, 16#7ffff, 16#8fffe, 16#8ffff]
++ [16#9fffe, 16#9ffff, 16#afffe, 16#affff]
++ [16#bfffe, 16#bffff, 16#cfffe, 16#cffff]
++ [16#dfffe, 16#dffff, 16#efffe, 16#effff]
++ [16#ffffe, 16#fffff, 16#10fffe, 16#10ffff].
surrogates() -> lists:seq(16#d800, 16#dfff).
reserved_space() -> lists:seq(16#fdd0, 16#fdef).
good() -> lists:seq(16#0000, 16#d7ff) ++ lists:seq(16#e000, 16#fdcf) ++ lists:seq(16#fdf0, 16#fffd).
good_extended() -> [16#10000, 16#20000, 16#30000, 16#40000, 16#50000,
16#60000, 16#70000, 16#80000, 16#90000, 16#a0000,
16#b0000, 16#c0000, 16#d0000, 16#e0000, 16#f0000
] ++ lists:seq(16#100000, 16#10fffd).
%% erlang refuses to encode certain codepoints, so fake them all
to_fake_utf(N, utf8) when N < 16#0080 -> <<N:8>>;
to_fake_utf(N, utf8) when N < 16#0800 ->
<<0:5, Y:5, X:6>> = <<N:16>>,
<<2#110:3, Y:5, 2#10:2, X:6>>;
to_fake_utf(N, utf8) when N < 16#10000 ->
<<Z:4, Y:6, X:6>> = <<N:16>>,
<<2#1110:4, Z:4, 2#10:2, Y:6, 2#10:2, X:6>>;
to_fake_utf(N, utf8) ->
<<0:3, W:3, Z:6, Y:6, X:6>> = <<N:24>>,
<<2#11110:5, W:3, 2#10:2, Z:6, 2#10:2, Y:6, 2#10:2, X:6>>.
-endif.
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